| western ground snake | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Vertebrata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Genus: | Sonora |
| Species: | S. semiannulata |
| Binomial name | |
| Sonora semiannulata Baird and Girard, 1853 |
|
| Synonyms | |
The western ground snake (Sonora semiannulata) is a species of small, harmless colubrid snake. It is sometimes referred to as the common ground snake or variable ground snake as its patterning and coloration can vary widely, even within the same geographic region.[1]
Contents |
It is native to the southwestern United States, in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Oklahoma, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Utah and California, as well as northern Mexico, in Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Durango.
Ground snakes can grow from 10 to 15 inches in length. Their colors and patterns can vary widely. They can be brown, red, or orange, with black banding, orange or brown striping, or be solid-colored. Their underside is typically white or grey. They have fairly smooth scales, a small head, and eyes with round pupils.
Their preferred habitat is dry, rocky areas with loose soil.
Ground snakes are typically nocturnal and secretive, but they are common throughout their range. They are often found on roadsides, or in dry drainage ditches at night, foraging for food.
Their diet consists primarily of invertebrates, such as spiders, scorpions, centipedes, crickets, and insect larvae.
They are oviparous, breeding and laying eggs through the summer months.
Sonora semiannulata was once broken up into five separate subspecies, based on the vast differences in color and patterning that the species displays, but recent research has shown that the various colors and patterns of ground snake interbreed indiscriminantly, making distinction between them impossible and thus not warranting subspecies status, though some sources still refer to them - using geography as a basis rather than morphology.